Sustainability Core Ontology (SCO-B)
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Sustainability Core Ontology (SCO-B)

Release: 2025-03-24

This version:
https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-b#v1.1.0/sco-b
Latest version:
https://www.w3id.org/sco
Previous version:
https://github.com/gioUbbiali/Sustainability-Core-Ontology/releases/tag/v1.0.1-revisions
Authors:
Giorgio A. Ubbiali, UNIMI✉
Extended Ontologies:
bfo
See also:
https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr
https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u
https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u-b-mapping
License:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as:
Giorgio A. Ubbiali. Sustainability Core Ontology (SCO). Retrieved from: https://github.com/gioUbbiali/Sustainability-Core-Ontology
Released

Sustainability Core Ontology (SCO): Description back to ToC

The Sustainability Core Ontology (SCO) is a middle-level ontology, covering the terminology related to the three major theoretical challenges of sustainability: 1) The polysemy of the term sustainability. 2) The relationship between sustainability and sustainable development. 3) The complexity underlying sustainability. SCO is designed to be the pivotal resource upon which to harmonize and integrate ontologies regarding sustainability. The ultimate goal is to establish a family of interoperable sustainability ontologies. Currently, SCO employs Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) as the upper-level ontologies. SCO V1.1.0 is the current release of SCO in Web Ontology Language (OWL). SCO V1.1.0. is comprised of two segments: SCO-B (B for BFO) and SCO-U (U for UFO). SCO-B aligns the SCO vocabulary with BFO. SCO-U aligns the SCO vocabulary with gUFO (UFO implementation in the Web Ontology Language (OWL)). SCO V1.1.0. covers three natural languages, English, French, and Italian. SCO V1.1.0. conforms to OBO-Foundry principles. The most recent version of SCO-B segment can always be found at https://w3id.org/sco. The most recent version of SCO-U segment can always be found at https://w3id.org/sco/sco-u.

Cross-reference for Sustainability Core Ontology (SCO) classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Sustainability Core Ontology (SCO).

Classes

complex systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000015

A system whose system components interact dynamically and nonlinearly, causing the emergence of a collective nontrivial and self-organized behavior. No internal/external centralized controls are required.
Source
Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr
is equivalent to
system c and (has quality op some emergence c or self-organization c)
has super-classes
system c
is disjoint with
complex system environment c

complex system agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000034

A complex system component that is an agent in an interaction among complex system components or in an interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components.
is equivalent to
complex system component c and (agent in at time t op some interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components c or interaction among complex system components c) and (agent in at time t op only interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components c or interaction among complex system components c)
has super-classes
system agent c
is disjoint with
complex system environment agent c

complex system boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000031

A system boundary of a complex system.
is equivalent to
system boundary c and (B F O 0000137 op some complex system c)
has super-classes
system boundary c

complex system componentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000028

A system component that belongs to a complex system.
is equivalent to
system component c and (B F O 0000176 op some complex system c)
has super-classes
system component c
has sub-classes
indicator c, stakeholder c
is disjoint with
complex system environment component c

complex system developmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000010

The system development of a complex system.
has super-classes
system development c
is disjoint with
complex system history c

complex system environmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000012

A system environment that surrounds and is distinct and disjoint from a complex system.
has super-classes
system environment c
is disjoint with
complex system c

complex system environment agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000033

A complex system environment component that is an agent in an interaction among complex system environment components or in an interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components.
is equivalent to
complex system environment component c and (agent in at time t op some interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components c or interaction among complex system environment components c) and (agent in at time t op only interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components c or interaction among complex system environment components c)
has super-classes
system environnement agent c
is disjoint with
complex system agent c

complex system environment componentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000026

A system evironment component that belongs to the system environment of a complex system.
is equivalent to
system environment component c and (B F O 0000176 op some complex system environment c)
has super-classes
system environment component c
is disjoint with
complex system component c

complex system historyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000023

The system history of a complex system.
is equivalent to
system history c and (B F O 0000184 op some complex system c) and (B F O 0000184 op only complex system c)
has super-classes
system history c
is disjoint with
complex system development c

complex system propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000041

Do not use this class directly. This class is constructed as a grouping for complex system properties, such as emergence and self-organization, in order to facilitate class retrieval and visualization.
propriété de système complexe
has super-classes
B F O 0000020 c
has sub-classes
emergence c, self-organization c

complex system spatial regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000032

A system spatial region of a complex system.
has super-classes
system spatial region c

emergencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000042

A more extensive representation of emergence is required. A possible starting point may be the work of Calhau et al. (2024). Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1
A quality that inherits in a complex system by virtue of how the complex system behavior and properties at a macroscopic level are nontrivially envisaged from those at a more microscopic one.
has super-classes
complex system property c
is disjoint with
self-organization c

indicatorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000035

SCO indicator classes have been designed referring to the characterization of sustainable development indicators (SDGs indicators) proposed by SDGIO. we aimed to deepen this characterization and establish upper-level classes for SDGIO ones.
A complex system component with an indicator role.
is equivalent to
complex system component c and (has role op some indicator-role c)
has super-classes
complex system component c

indicator valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000003

A representational information content entity that generically depends on some indicator and is about, providing insights into, the complex system to which the indicator belongs.
is equivalent to
genid81
has super-classes
Representational Information Content Entity c

indicator-rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000017

To distinguish and account for indicators according to the perspectives of different complex systems (and environment) components, we suggest proceeding following the indications provided under the “according to the perspective” annotation property. In this case, regarding the subclasses to create, we recommend establishing axioms restricting to this class.
A role whose realization leads the complex system component to be recognized as a carrier of an indicator value, by some complex system component or complex system environment component according to its/their perspective.
has super-classes
B F O 0000023 c

Information Content Entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/InformationContentEntity

SCO developer comment: Currently, SCO-B reuses the representation of information that belongs to IAO/CCO. Nevertheless, debates are ongoing on whether information may be better represented through a type-token relationship within a multi-level type hierarchy. See the paper cited at the end of the comment. We envision discussions with subject matter experts from both BFO and UFO communities regarding this point. Weigand, H. (2025). Generic Ontological Dependence⋆. https://www.utwente.nl/en/eemcs/vmbo2025/papers/vmbo-2025-paper-4-2.pdf
is equivalent to
B F O 0000031 c and (is about op some B F O 0000001 c)
has super-classes
B F O 0000031 c
has sub-classes
Representational Information Content Entity c, perspective information content entity c, worth information content entity c
is in domain of
is about op
is in range of
is subject of op

interactionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000001

In the original definition, INO developers define this class with respect to interactors involved in the interaction process. INO includes the classes “interactor” and “interactor role” (see SeeAlso note). Here, we generalize this definition, excluding reference to interactors. In the context of SCO, we aim to provide users with an upper-level class that generally points to the involvement of material entities in an interaction process mutually influencing each other. We suggest not using this class directly but, instead, extending SCO-provided subclasses as needed. We wish users to classify interactions according to whether they occur among system components, among system environment components, or between system and system environment components. Original definition: “Interaction is a processual entity that has two or more participants (i.e., interactors) that have an effect upon one another.”
A process that has at least two independent continuants (no spatial regions) as participants that have an effect upon one another.
is equivalent to
genid56
has super-classes
B F O 0000015 c
has sub-classes
interaction among system components c, interaction among system environment components c, interaction between system components and system environment components c

interaction among complex system componentsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000022

An interaction that occurs among at least two system components of a complex system.
has super-classes
interaction among system components c
is disjoint with
interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components c, interaction among complex system environment components c

interaction among complex system environment componentsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000021

An interaction that occurs among at least two complex system environment components.
has super-classes
interaction among system environment components c
is disjoint with
interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components c, interaction among complex system components c

interaction among system componentsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000007

An interaction that occurs among at least two system components.
has super-classes
interaction c
has sub-classes
interaction among complex system components c
is disjoint with
interaction among system environment components c, interaction between system components and system environment components c

interaction among system environment componentsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000008

An interaction that occurs among at least two system environment components.
has super-classes
interaction c
has sub-classes
interaction among complex system environment components c
is disjoint with
interaction among system components c, interaction between system components and system environment components c

interaction between complex system components and complex system environment componentsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000020

An interaction that occurs between at least one complex system component and one complex system environment component where the latter belongs to the complex system environment of the complex system to which the complex system component belongs.
has super-classes
interaction between system components and system environment components c
is disjoint with
interaction among complex system environment components c, interaction among complex system components c

interaction between system components and system environment componentsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000009

An interaction that occurs between at least one system component and one system environment component where the latter belongs to the system environment of the system to which the system component belongs.
has super-classes
interaction c
has sub-classes
interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components c
is disjoint with
interaction among system components c, interaction among system environment components c

maturity levelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/MaturityLevel

classifier used to specify the state of a resource in its development process
has members
provisional ni, released ni

perspectivec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000016

SCO currently accounts for perspectives of complex system components and complex system environment components because the focus of this ontology is on complex systems. Future versions of this ontology may explore extending reference more broadly to systems.
A disposition whose realization leads the complex system component or the complex system environment component to (re)position itself within and regarding the complex system or complex system environment it belongs to (or a part of it) and possibly act accordingly.
has super-classes
B F O 0000016 c
has sub-classes
stakeholder perspective c

perspective information content entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000004

An information content entity that generically depends on some complex system component or complex system environment component and is about the perspective (that concretizes it) of that complex system component or complex system environment component.
is equivalent to
Information Content Entity c and (is about op some perspective c)
has super-classes
Information Content Entity c
has sub-classes
stakeholder perspective information content entity c
is disjoint with
Representational Information Content Entity c, worth information content entity c

Representational Information Content Entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/RepresentationalInformationContentEntity

is equivalent to
Information Content Entity c and (represents op some B F O 0000001 c)
has super-classes
Information Content Entity c
has sub-classes
indicator value c
is in domain of
represents op
is in range of
represented by op
is disjoint with
perspective information content entity c, worth information content entity c

self-organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000043

This class should be amended according to SCO implementations regarding system scales, levels, and change.
A quality that inherits in a complex system by virtue of how the complex system components spontaneously arrange, globally generating macroscopic and microscopic structures and behaviors, without any internal and/or external controls.
has super-classes
complex system property c
is disjoint with
emergence c

stakeholderc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000036

A complex system component with a stakeholder role.
is equivalent to
complex system component c and (has role op some stakeholder-role c)
has super-classes
complex system component c

stakeholder perspectivec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000030

A perspective that is bearered by a stakeholder.
is equivalent to
perspective c and (disposition of op some stakeholder c)
has super-classes
perspective c

stakeholder perspective information content entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000040

A perspective information content entity of a stakeholder perspective.
is equivalent to
perspective information content entity c and (is about op some stakeholder perspective c)
has super-classes
perspective information content entity c

stakeholder-rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000018

A role whose realization leads the complex system component to be recognized as a bearer, in the belonging complex system, of at least one role (different from the role of stakeholder) and/or disposition (primarily a disposition to benefit/be damaged as being part of that complex system).
has super-classes
B F O 0000023 c

systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002577

A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated.
SCO cretor comment: RO defines the class “system” as a subclass of the “material entity” class. Nevertheless, a system is a fiat object, e.g. an object that is “delimited” according to the perspective of the stakeholder (Landgrebe and Smith 2022, p. 117,118). System delimitation determines the boundaries of the systems, but the stakeholder, however, does not create the system through this delimitation process (Landgrebe and Smith 2022, p. 117,118). As this class is extensively reused among ontologies within the OBO-Foundry context, we maintain its current hierarchical position. However, we recommend a revision of this class. There are two possible strategies to consider: 1) to reclassify this class as a subclass of “fiat object part” one or 2) to create a dedicated “fiat object” class that will be a subclass of “material entity” and the superclass for the “system” one (and related subclasses). We leave the discussion open with the intention of engaging with subject matter experts, planning that these modifications may be included in the next release of this resource. As the environment of a system corresponds to what has not been delimited as part of such a system, these considerations correspondingly also apply to the class “system environment” (at least regarding the system-system environment boundaries).
Source
http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43
has super-classes
B F O 0000040 c
has sub-classes
complex system c
is disjoint with
system environment c

system agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000029

We envision revisions of the current SCO theory of agency. This is due to the limited power of explainability of present representation. A sounder and deeper interpretation of the causal role of an agent in an interaction, compared to other participants, is required. Tentative proposal: a possible direction of implementation is towards a telic vision of agency intended as end-point driven. On this more fundamental neutral vision, a second layer of representation may be constructed to model intentionality, goals, and plans in relation to agency. Here, SCO may harmonize and align with UFO-C representation. For insight for discussion see: Guarino, N., & Guizzardi, G. (2024). Processes as variable embodiments. Synthese, 203(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04505-2 Guizzardi, G., de Almeida Falbo, R., & Guizzardi, R. (2008). Grounding software domain ontologies in the unified foundational ontology (UFO): The case of the ODE. Memorias de la XI Conferencia Iberoamericana de Software Engineering (CIbSE 2008), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, February 13-17, 2008, 127–140.
A system component that is an agent in an interaction among system components or in an interaction between system components and system environment components.
is equivalent to
system component c and (agent in at time t op some interaction among system components c or interaction between system components and system environment components c) and (agent in at time t op only interaction among system components c or interaction between system components and system environment components c)
has super-classes
system component c
has sub-classes
complex system agent c
is disjoint with
system environnement agent c

system boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000024

A fiat surface of a system.
is equivalent to
B F O 0000146 c and (B F O 0000137 op some system c)
has super-classes
B F O 0000146 c
has sub-classes
complex system boundary c

system componentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000013

Despite minor differences, SCO representation of systems and related architecture and composition is compatible with that of the System Core Ontology (Calhau et al., 2024). The system Core Ontology centers on socio-techno systems, primarily pointing to an intention/goal-directed representation of these systems. SCO representation, instead, adopts a more neutral modeling approach for complex systems, seeking to account for a wider range of systems. SCO is also more compact than the system Core Ontology. This is, however, adequate for the current purposes of SCO. We envision employing the system Core Ontology as a starting point to extend SCO representation of system architecture, situations, properties, and functions. We also envision possible alignments and reciprocal implementations between these two ontologies. Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1 Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr
A material entity that belongs to a system.
is equivalent to
B F O 0000040 c and (B F O 0000176 op some system c)
has super-classes
B F O 0000040 c
has sub-classes
complex system component c, system agent c
is disjoint with
system environment component c

system developmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000002

SCO must extend its representation to (complex) system behaviors. A possible starting point may be the work of Calhau et al. (2023) and Calhau et al. (2024). Calhau, R., Sales, T. P., Almeida, J. P. A., & Guizzardi, G. (2023). Exploring system behavior in a system ontology. Int Conf Concept Model. Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1
A process whose specific outcome is the progression of a system over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
has super-classes
B F O 0000015 c
has sub-classes
complex system development c
is disjoint with
system history c

system environmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000006

See the comment under the "system" class.
A material entity that surrounds and is distinct and disjoint from a system.
has super-classes
B F O 0000040 c
has sub-classes
complex system environment c
is disjoint with
system c

system environment componentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000014

We envision discussions with subject matter experts regarding whether the current SCO representation of system-system component (and related environment) parthood is suitable or whether a proper parthood-based representation is more adequate. Insights for discussion may be found in Calhau et al. (2024) and Ubbiali et al. (2024). Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1 Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr
A material entity that belongs to a system environment.
is equivalent to
B F O 0000040 c and (B F O 0000176 op some system environment c)
has super-classes
B F O 0000040 c
has sub-classes
complex system environment component c, system environnement agent c
is disjoint with
system component c

system environnement agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000027

We envision revisions of the current SCO theory of agency. This is due to the limited power of explainability of present representation. A sounder and deeper interpretation of the causal role of an agent in an interaction, compared to other participants, is required. Tentative proposal: a possible direction of implementation is towards a telic vision of agency intended as end-point driven. On this more fundamental neutral vision, a second layer of representation may be constructed to model intentionality, goals, and plans in relation to agency. Here, SCO may harmonize and align with UFO-C representation. For insight for discussion see: Guarino, N., & Guizzardi, G. (2024). Processes as variable embodiments. Synthese, 203(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04505-2 Guizzardi, G., de Almeida Falbo, R., & Guizzardi, R. (2008). Grounding software domain ontologies in the unified foundational ontology (UFO): The case of the ODE. Memorias de la XI Conferencia Iberoamericana de Software Engineering (CIbSE 2008), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, February 13-17, 2008, 127–140.
A system environment component that is an agent in an interaction among system environment components or in an interaction between system components and system environment components.
is equivalent to
system environment component c and (agent in at time t op some interaction among system environment components c or interaction between system components and system environment components c) and (agent in at time t op only interaction among system environment components c or interaction between system components and system environment components c)
has super-classes
system environment component c
has sub-classes
complex system environment agent c
is disjoint with
system agent c

system historyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000011

The history of a system.
is equivalent to
B F O 0000182 c and (B F O 0000184 op some system c) and (B F O 0000184 op only system c)
has super-classes
B F O 0000182 c
has sub-classes
complex system history c
is disjoint with
system development c

system spatial regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000025

Future SCO implementations may consider including classes also covering spatial region for the system environment.
A three-dimensional spatial region of a system.
has super-classes
B F O 0000028 c
has sub-classes
complex system spatial region c

worth information content entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000005

An information content entity that generically depends on a complex system or a complex system environment (or some part(s) of them) and is about the worth (that concretizes it) that some complex system component or complex system environment component recognizes that that complex system or complex system environment (or some part(s) of them) bearer.
is equivalent to
Information Content Entity c and (is about op some worth-role c)
has super-classes
Information Content Entity c
is disjoint with
Representational Information Content Entity c, perspective information content entity c

worth-rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000019

Due to the SCO focus on complex systems, the worth-role class have been designed referring specifically to complex systems. Nevertheless, future implementations may broaden the space of application to also systems. Implementations may equally deepen this representation, detailing and elucidating the distinction and connection between worth and value(s).
A role whose realization leads the complex system or the complex system environment (or some part(s) of them) to be recognized to bearer relevance by some complex system component or complex system environment component according to its/their perspective.
has super-classes
B F O 0000023 c

Object Properties

agent in at time top back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000038

We envision revisions of the current SCO theory of agency. This is due to the limited power of explainability of present representation. A sounder and deeper interpretation of the causal role of an agent in an interaction, compared to other participants, is required. Tentative proposal: a possible direction of implementation is towards a telic vision of agency intended as end-point driven. On this more fundamental neutral vision, a second layer of representation may be constructed to model intentionality, goals, and plans in relation to agency. Here, SCO may harmonize and align with UFO-C representation. For insight for discussion see: Guarino, N., & Guizzardi, G. (2024). Processes as variable embodiments. Synthese, 203(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04505-2 Guizzardi, G., de Almeida Falbo, R., & Guizzardi, R. (2008). Grounding software domain ontologies in the unified foundational ontology (UFO): The case of the ODE. Memorias de la XI Conferencia Iberoamericana de Software Engineering (CIbSE 2008), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, February 13-17, 2008, 127–140.
A primitive relation between a continuant x, a process y, and a time at which x is causally active in y.
has super-properties
B F O 0000056 op
has domain
B F O 0000020 c or B F O 0000031 c or (B F O 0000004 c and (not (B F O 0000006 c)))
has range
B F O 0000015 c
is inverse of
has agent at time t op

characteristic ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000052

a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.
Example 
this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
this red color is a characteristic of this apple

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
characteristic of part of op
has sub-properties
disposition of op, function of op, quality of op, role of op
is inverse of
has characteristic op

characteristic of part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002314

q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064205
has super-properties
depends on op
has sub-properties
characteristic of op

depends onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002502

has sub-properties
characteristic of part of op

disposition ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000092

inverse of has disposition
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
has super-properties
characteristic of op
is inverse of
has disposition op

function ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000079

a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
Example 
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
has super-properties
characteristic of op
has domain
B F O 0000034 c
is inverse of
has function op

has agent at time top back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000037

We envision revisions of the current SCO theory of agency. This is due to the limited power of explainability of present representation. A sounder and deeper interpretation of the causal role of an agent in an interaction, compared to other participants, is required. Tentative proposal: a possible direction of implementation is towards a telic vision of agency intended as end-point driven. On this more fundamental neutral vision, a second layer of representation may be constructed to model intentionality, goals, and plans in relation to agency. Here, SCO may harmonize and align with UFO-C representation. For insight for discussion see: Guarino, N., & Guizzardi, G. (2024). Processes as variable embodiments. Synthese, 203(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04505-2 Guizzardi, G., de Almeida Falbo, R., & Guizzardi, R. (2008). Grounding software domain ontologies in the unified foundational ontology (UFO): The case of the ODE. Memorias de la XI Conferencia Iberoamericana de Software Engineering (CIbSE 2008), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, February 13-17, 2008, 127–140.
A primitive relation between a process x, a continuant y, and a time at which y is causally active in x.
has super-properties
B F O 0000057 op
has domain
B F O 0000015 c
has range
B F O 0000020 c or B F O 0000031 c or (B F O 0000004 c and (not (B F O 0000006 c)))
is inverse of
agent in at time t op

has characteristicop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000053

Inverse of characteristic_of
Example 
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility

has characteristics: inverse functional

has sub-properties
has disposition op, has function op, has quality op, has role op
has range
B F O 0000020 c
is inverse of
characteristic of op

has dispositionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000091

a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has super-properties
has characteristic op
has domain
B F O 0000004 c
has range
B F O 0000016 c
is inverse of
disposition of op

has functionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000085

a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
Example 
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
has super-properties
has characteristic op
has domain
B F O 0000004 c
has range
B F O 0000034 c
is inverse of
function of op

has qualityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000086

a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
Example 
this apple has quality this red color
has super-properties
has characteristic op
has range
B F O 0000019 c
is inverse of
quality of op

has roleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000087

a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
Example 
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
has super-properties
has characteristic op
has domain
B F O 0000004 c
has range
B F O 0000023 c
is inverse of
role of op

is aboutop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/is_about

has sub-properties
represents op
has domain
Information Content Entity c
has range
B F O 0000001 c
is inverse of
is subject of op

is subject ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/is_subject_of

has sub-properties
represented by op
has range
Information Content Entity c
is inverse of
is about op

mereotopologically related toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002323

A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
has sub-properties
spatially disjoint from op

quality ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000080

a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
Example 
this red color is a quality of this apple
has super-properties
characteristic of op
is inverse of
has quality op

represented byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/represented_by

See notes for inverse property.
has super-properties
is subject of op
has range
Representational Information Content Entity c
is inverse of
represents op

representsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/represents

Isomorphism between the carrier of x and the represented entity can be via a direct similarity relation, e.g., grooves in a vinyl record corresponding to sound waves, or linguistic convention, e.g., a court stenographer's transcription of spoken words, as well as others, such as encoding processes for images.
has super-properties
is about op
has domain
Representational Information Content Entity c
is inverse of
represented by op

role ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000081

a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
Example 
this investigator role is a role of this person
has super-properties
characteristic of op
is inverse of
has role op

spatially disjoint fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002163

A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common
Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293552
Term status
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000125
has super-properties
mereotopologically related to op

Annotation Properties

according to the perspectiveap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000039

We envisage using this annotation property to highlight (indirectly) the grounding of certain entities on perspectives and characterize them according to the embraced perspective(s). Here, it is provided an explicative example. Let’s consider that two users, A and B, endorse two different perspectives on sustainability, perspective A and perspective B. These perspectives lead to considering different complex system components as stakeholders of the complex system of interest. (This is an explicative example. It could also be the case that there is just one single user who wants to characterize the same entity according to two perspectives on sustainability, or who wants to provide an additional characterization according to a different perspective than the one previously covered.) We suggest proceeding as follows. First, the class “perspective” can be instantiated with two “perspective” individuals, “perspective A” and “perspective B”. These “perspective” individuals will provide descriptions and other relevant information regarding users’ perspectives. Then, two subclasses, “stakeholder – A” and “stakeholder – B”, can be added to the class “stakeholder”. These classes could be created manually and further populated with further subclasses and/or individuals. Alternatively, they can be created by adding SPARQL query results to the ontology, directly as classes or as classes equivalent to some new classes manually created. Subclasses “stakeholder – A” and “stakeholder – B” will cover stakeholders according to the two different user perspectives. Finally, this annotation property can be used to annotate these two subclasses with the corresponding individual “perspective A” and “perspective B”. In proceeding as such, we can highlight the grounding of the role of stakeholder (entity) on perspective (entity) and provide stakeholder characterizations according to the two user perspectives. This procedure supports establishing indirectly the grounding of certain entities on perspectives. This procedure, however, ensures the possibility to also account for different characterizations of the same entity according to different perspectives, thereby assisting in clarifying and comparing those perspectives. Further, as a user may change perspective over time, this procedure can be performed whenever the perspective changes. New classes, covering time references, can be created and annotated with new perspectives. This will also assist in tracking users’ perspectives evolution over time. We contemplate the possible creation of an object property to directly model grounding on perspectives as part of future implementations of SCO.
has range
sco.owl/ S C O 0000016 ep

adapted fromap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/adaptedFrom

source for the resource that was modified to create the subject resource
Is defined by
https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/
has super-properties
source ap

alternative labelap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118

A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like.
Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related).
Source
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
Term status
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000125
has sub-properties
has broad synonym ap, has exact synonym ap, has narrow synonym ap, has related synonym ap

alternative labelap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/alternative_label

contributorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor

entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor
has sub-properties
creator ap

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator

has super-properties
contributor ap

curator noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000232

An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
Is defined by
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/iao.owl
Term status
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000122

definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000115

The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
Is defined by
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/iao.owl
Source
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
Term status
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000122

definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/definition

definition sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119

Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
Source
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
Term status
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000122

definition sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/definition_source

direct sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/directSource

definitive source of the subject resource
Is defined by
https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/
has super-properties
source ap

editor noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116

An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
Source
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>
Term status
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000122

editor noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#editor_note

editor preferred termap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000111

The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
Source
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
Term status
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000122

elucidationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000600

Source
Person:Barry Smith

elucidationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/elucidation

example of usageap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000112

A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
Source
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
Term status
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000122

example of usageap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/example_of_usage

excerpted fromap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/excerptedFrom

source of a resource that was imported unmodified from an external ontology
Is defined by
https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/
has super-properties
source ap

expand expression toap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000424

A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones
Example 
ObjectProperty: RO_0002104
Label: has plasma membrane part
Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)"

explanatory noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/explanatoryNote

note that provides additional explanatory information about a given notion or resource
has super-properties
note ap

first order logic definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/firstOrderLogicDefinition

logic definition that expresses the axioms of a class or an object property in first order logic
Example 
An example of a First Order Logic definition for 'Product' might be (again bearing in mind the natural language terms appearing should be regarded as symbols in the IOF signature):
 - Continuant(x) ∧ ¬(SpecificallyDependentContinuant(x) ∨ Person(x) ∨ Organization(x)) ∧ ∃r (ProductRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x, r))
has super-properties
logic definition ap

first-order logic axiomap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/firstOrderLogicAxiom

logic axiom annotation written in first order logic
has super-properties
logic axiom ap

has broad synonymap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasBroadSynonym

An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
has super-properties
alternative label ap

has curation statusap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000114

has Db Xrefap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref

has Definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDefinition

has exact synonymap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym

An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
has super-properties
alternative label ap

has narrow synonymap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasNarrowSynonym

An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
has super-properties
alternative label ap

has related synonymap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasRelatedSynonym

An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct.
has super-properties
alternative label ap

in Subsetap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#inSubset

is curated in ontologyap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/is_curated_in_ontology

is primitiveap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/isPrimitive

boolean flag indicating that necessary and sufficient conditions are not provided

logic axiomap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/logicAxiom

logical statements constraining the interpretation of the notion represented by the construct that do not provide necessary and sufficient conditions
has super-properties
note ap
has sub-properties
first-order logic axiom ap, semi-formal natural language axiom ap

logic definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/logicDefinition

definition in the form of a logical expression
has super-properties
definition ap
has sub-properties
first order logic definition ap, semi-formal natural language definition ap

logical macro assertionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002416

An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL.
has sub-properties
logical macro assertion on a property ap

logical macro assertion on a propertyap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002421

A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a property
has super-properties
logical macro assertion ap
has sub-properties
logical macro assertion on an object property ap

logical macro assertion on an object propertyap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002422

Used to annotate object properties to describe a logical meta-property or characteristic of the object property.
has super-properties
logical macro assertion on a property ap
has sub-properties
temporal interpretation ap

maturityap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/maturity

annotation property used to indicate the development status of a resource

natural language definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/naturalLanguageDefinition

definition written in plain text for human understanding
has super-properties
definition ap

noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note

has sub-properties
explanatory note ap, logic axiom ap, primitive rationale ap, usage note ap

primitive rationaleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/primitiveRationale

reason why necessary and sufficient conditions could not be provided
has super-properties
note ap

semi-formal natural language axiomap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom

logic axiom expressed in natural language
has super-properties
logic axiom ap

semi-formal natural language definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/semiFormalNaturalLanguageDefinition

logic definition that expresses a first order logic definition or common logic definition in natural language
has super-properties
logic definition ap

sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/source

related resource from which the described resource is derived
Is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/source
has sub-properties
adapted from ap, direct source ap, excerpted from ap

subject matter expert explanationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/subjectMatterExpertExplanation

definition of the term expressed in natural language that has the minimal usage of ontological terms and is intended to be a self-standing explanation
has super-properties
definition ap

temporal interpretationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001900

An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.
has super-properties
logical macro assertion on an object property ap

term editorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000117

Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
Source
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
Term status
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000122

term tracker itemap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000233

An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.
Source
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
Term status
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000125
Example 
the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/

usage noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/usageNote

note that provides information about how a given notion or resource is used in the ontology's context
has super-properties
note ap

Named Individuals

provisionalni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/Provisional

construct or ontology development state in which content is subject to change and may change considerably
belongs to
maturity level c
has facts
definition ap "construct or ontology development state in which content is subject to change and may change considerably"@en-us
explanatory note ap "IOF users should be aware that the resource is not dependable, but can be used for reference and for further work."@en-us

releasedni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/Released

construct or ontology development state in which the resource is stable, usable, and has been made available to external users
belongs to
maturity level c
has facts
definition ap "construct or ontology development state in which the resource is stable, usable, and has been made available to external users"@en-us
explanatory note ap "Release notes will be provided for any changes concerning released content, and any revisions will be backward compatible with the prior version to the degree possible."@en-us

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
ni: Named Individuals
ep: External Properties

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.